My Featured Novel

 「Jane Eyre」

I. About the Novel：「Jane Eyre」

 When Jane Eyre was first published in 1847, it was an immediate popular and critical success. George Lewes, a famous Victorian literary critic declared it "the best novel of the season." It also, however, met with criticism. In a famous attack in theQuarterly Review of December 1848, Elizabeth Rigby called Jane a "personification of an unregenerate and undisciplined spirit" and the novel as a whole, "anti-Christian." Rigby's critique perhaps accounts for some of the novel's continuing popularity: the rebelliousness of its tone. Jane Eyre calls into question most of society's major institutions, including education, family, social class, and Christianity. The novel asks the reader to consider a variety of contemporary social and political issues: What is women's position in society, what is the relation between Britain and its colonies, how important is artistic endeavor in human life, what is the relationship of dreams and fantasy to reality, and what is the basis of an effective marriage? Although the novel poses all of these questions, it doesn't didactically offer a single answer to any of them. Readers can construct their own answers, based on their unique and personal analyses of the book. This multidimensionality makes Jane Eyre a novel that rewards multiple readings.

While the novel's longevity resides partially in its social message, posing questions still relevant to modern readers, its combination of literary genre keeps the story entertaining and enjoyable. Not just the story of the romance between Rochester and Jane, the novel also employs the conventions of the bildungsroman (a novel that shows the psychological or moral development of its main character), the gothic and the spiritual quest. As bildungsroman, the first-person narration plots Jane's growth from an isolated and unloved orphan into a happily married, independent woman. Jane's appeals to the reader directly involve us in this journey of self-knowledge; the reader becomes her accomplice, learning and changing along with the heroine. The novel's gothic element emphasizes the supernatural, the visionary, and the horrific. Mr. Reed's ghostly presence in the red-room, Bertha's strange laughter at Thornfield, and Rochester's dark and brooding persona are all examples of gothic conventions, which add to the novel's suspense, entangling the reader in Jane's attempt to solve the mystery at Thornfield. Finally, the novel could also be read as a spiritual quest, as Jane tries to position herself in relationship to religion at each stop on her journey. Although she paints a negative picture of the established religious community through her characterizations of Mr. Brocklehurst, St. John Rivers, and Eliza Reed, Jane finds an effective, personal perspective on religion following her night on the moors. For her, when one is closest to nature, one is also closest to God: "We read clearest His infinitude, His omnipotence, His omnipresence." God and nature are both sources of bounty, compassion and forgiveness.

In reading this novel, consider keeping a reading journal, writing down quotes that spark your interest. When you've finished the book, return to these notes and group your quotes under specific categories. For example, you may list all quotes related to governesses. Based on these quotes, what seems to be the novel's overall message about governesses? Do different characters have conflicting perceptions of governesses? Which character's ideas does the novel seem to sympathize with and why? Do you agree with the novel's message? By looking at the novel closely and reading it with a critical focus, you will enrich your own reading experience, joining the readers over the last century who've been excited by plain Jane's journey of self-discovery.

Works Cited （参考文献）

SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n.d. Web. 17 July 2016.

"Jane Eyre." Book Summary. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 July 2016.

II. Versions of the Novel in the Mass Media

Works Cited （参考文献）

VideaCDEdistribuzion. "Jane Eyre - Trailer Italiano Ufficiale - Al Cinema Dal 7 Ottobre 2011 (ITA/HD)." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Sept. 2011. Web. 17 July 2016.

III. About the Author：Charlotte Bronte(1816~1855）

Synopsis

Born on April 21, 1816, in Thornton, Yorkshire, England, Charlotte Brontë worked as a teacher and governess before collaborating on a book of poetry with her two sisters, Emily and Anne, who were writers as well. In 1847, Brontë published the semi-autobiographical novel Jane Eyre, which was a hit and would become a literary classic. Her other novels included Shirley and Villette. She died on March 31, 1855, in Haworth, Yorkshire, England.

Early Life

Writer Charlotte Brontë was born on April 21, 1816, in Thornton, Yorkshire, England. Said to be the most dominant and ambitious of the Brontës, Charlotte was raised in a strict Anglican home by her clergyman father and a religious aunt after her mother and two eldest siblings died. She and her sister Emily attended the Clergy Daughter's School at Cowan Bridge, but were largely educated at home. Though she tried to earn a living as both a governess and a teacher, Brontë missed her sisters and eventually returned home.

'Jane Eyre'

A writer all her life, Brontë published her first novel, Jane Eyre, in 1847 under the manly pseudonym Currer Bell. Though controversial in its criticism of society's treatment of impoverished women, the book was an immediate hit. She followed the success with Shirley in 1848 and Villette in 1853.

Death and Legacy

The deaths of the Brontë siblings are almost as notable as their literary legacy. Her brother, Branwell, and Emily died in 1848, and Anne died the following year.

In 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, but died the following year during her pregnancy, on March 31, 1855, in Haworth, Yorkshire, England. The first novel she ever wrote, The Professor, was published posthumously in 1857.

Works Cited （参考文献）

Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 17 July 2016.

"Charlotte Bronte - Charlotte Bronte as 'Currer Bell'" Charlotte Bronte - Charlotte Bronte as 'Currer Bell' N.p., n.d. Web. 19 July 2016.

IV. My Reaction

A. Reaction Point - Character(登場人物）

• Character is novel,movie,drama,comic 's main character.
• 'Jane Eyre' is main character, Jane, Rochester,Robert Leaven ,and so on. 
• Jane is orphan but stable person.

B. Reaction Point - Setting(設定、背景、場所）

• Setting is work was written age ,place, person .
• 'Jane Eyre' was written 1847 by Charlotte Bronte.
• 'Jane Eyre' is scene London.

C. Reaction Point - Genre(文学のサブカテゴリ）

• Genre is work, movie, music, painting is kind.
• 'Jane Eyre' is romance genre.
• Romance is passionate.

D. My General Opinion

I read 'Jane Eyre' is sad. But, deeply works. Jane is stable willing, independence person.

I want to be stable willing and independence person like Jane.  

My Featured Novel

 「Jane Eyre」

I. About the Novel：「Jane Eyre」

 When Jane Eyre was first published in 1847, it was an immediate popular and critical success. George Lewes, a famous Victorian literary critic declared it "the best novel of the season." It also, however, met with criticism. In a famous attack in theQuarterly Review of December 1848, Elizabeth Rigby called Jane a "personification of an unregenerate and undisciplined spirit" and the novel as a whole, "anti-Christian." Rigby's critique perhaps accounts for some of the novel's continuing popularity: the rebelliousness of its tone. Jane Eyre calls into question most of society's major institutions, including education, family, social class, and Christianity. The novel asks the reader to consider a variety of contemporary social and political issues: What is women's position in society, what is the relation between Britain and its colonies, how important is artistic endeavor in human life, what is the relationship of dreams and fantasy to reality, and what is the basis of an effective marriage? Although the novel poses all of these questions, it doesn't didactically offer a single answer to any of them. Readers can construct their own answers, based on their unique and personal analyses of the book. This multidimensionality makes Jane Eyre a novel that rewards multiple readings.

While the novel's longevity resides partially in its social message, posing questions still relevant to modern readers, its combination of literary genre keeps the story entertaining and enjoyable. Not just the story of the romance between Rochester and Jane, the novel also employs the conventions of the bildungsroman (a novel that shows the psychological or moral development of its main character), the gothic and the spiritual quest. As bildungsroman, the first-person narration plots Jane's growth from an isolated and unloved orphan into a happily married, independent woman. Jane's appeals to the reader directly involve us in this journey of self-knowledge; the reader becomes her accomplice, learning and changing along with the heroine. The novel's gothic element emphasizes the supernatural, the visionary, and the horrific. Mr. Reed's ghostly presence in the red-room, Bertha's strange laughter at Thornfield, and Rochester's dark and brooding persona are all examples of gothic conventions, which add to the novel's suspense, entangling the reader in Jane's attempt to solve the mystery at Thornfield. Finally, the novel could also be read as a spiritual quest, as Jane tries to position herself in relationship to religion at each stop on her journey. Although she paints a negative picture of the established religious community through her characterizations of Mr. Brocklehurst, St. John Rivers, and Eliza Reed, Jane finds an effective, personal perspective on religion following her night on the moors. For her, when one is closest to nature, one is also closest to God: "We read clearest His infinitude, His omnipotence, His omnipresence." God and nature are both sources of bounty, compassion and forgiveness.

In reading this novel, consider keeping a reading journal, writing down quotes that spark your interest. When you've finished the book, return to these notes and group your quotes under specific categories. For example, you may list all quotes related to governesses. Based on these quotes, what seems to be the novel's overall message about governesses? Do different characters have conflicting perceptions of governesses? Which character's ideas does the novel seem to sympathize with and why? Do you agree with the novel's message? By looking at the novel closely and reading it with a critical focus, you will enrich your own reading experience, joining the readers over the last century who've been excited by plain Jane's journey of self-discovery.

Works Cited （参考文献）

SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n.d. Web. 17 July 2016.

"Jane Eyre." Book Summary. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 July 2016.

II. Versions of the Novel in the Mass Media

Works Cited （参考文献）

VideaCDEdistribuzion. "Jane Eyre - Trailer Italiano Ufficiale - Al Cinema Dal 7 Ottobre 2011 (ITA/HD)." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Sept. 2011. Web. 17 July 2016.

III. About the Author：Charlotte Bronte(1816~1855）

Synopsis

Born on April 21, 1816, in Thornton, Yorkshire, England, Charlotte Brontë worked as a teacher and governess before collaborating on a book of poetry with her two sisters, Emily and Anne, who were writers as well. In 1847, Brontë published the semi-autobiographical novel Jane Eyre, which was a hit and would become a literary classic. Her other novels included Shirley and Villette. She died on March 31, 1855, in Haworth, Yorkshire, England.

Early Life

Writer Charlotte Brontë was born on April 21, 1816, in Thornton, Yorkshire, England. Said to be the most dominant and ambitious of the Brontës, Charlotte was raised in a strict Anglican home by her clergyman father and a religious aunt after her mother and two eldest siblings died. She and her sister Emily attended the Clergy Daughter's School at Cowan Bridge, but were largely educated at home. Though she tried to earn a living as both a governess and a teacher, Brontë missed her sisters and eventually returned home.

'Jane Eyre'

A writer all her life, Brontë published her first novel, Jane Eyre, in 1847 under the manly pseudonym Currer Bell. Though controversial in its criticism of society's treatment of impoverished women, the book was an immediate hit. She followed the success with Shirley in 1848 and Villette in 1853.

Death and Legacy

The deaths of the Brontë siblings are almost as notable as their literary legacy. Her brother, Branwell, and Emily died in 1848, and Anne died the following year.

In 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, but died the following year during her pregnancy, on March 31, 1855, in Haworth, Yorkshire, England. The first novel she ever wrote, The Professor, was published posthumously in 1857.

Works Cited （参考文献）

Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 17 July 2016.

IV. My Reaction

A. Reaction Point - Character(登場人物）

• Character is novel,movie,drama,comic 's main character.
• 'Jane Eyre' is main character, Jane, Rochester,Robert Leaven ,and so on. 
• Jane is orphan but stable person.

B. Reaction Point - Setting(設定、背景、場所）

• Setting is work was written age ,place, person .
• 'Jane Eyre' was written 1847 by Charlotte Bronte.
• 'Jane Eyre' is scene London.

C. Reaction Point - Genre(文学のサブカテゴリ）

• Genre is work, movie, music, painting is kind.
• 'Jane Eyre' is romance genre.
• Romance is passionate.

D. My General Opinion

I read 'Jane Eyre' is sad. But, deeply works. Jane is stable willing, independence person.

I want to be stable willing and independence person like Jane.  

My Featured Fashion Show

 「 H&M  2014/2015  Fall  Winter Show」

I. About the Clothing Brand:H&M

　

H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhoː.ˈɛm; ˈhɛnːˈɛs ɔ ˈma.ʊrɪts]; H&M) is a Swedish multinational retail-clothing company, known for its fast-fashion clothing for men, women, teenagers and children.

H&M exists in 61 countries with over 3,700 stores and as of 2015 employed around 132,000 people.^[4] The first store was opened on the high street of Västerås, Sweden in 1947.^[5] It had 2,325 stores at the end of 2011, 2,629 stores at the end of August 2012^[6] and opened its 3,000th store in September 2013 in Chengdu, China.^[2] It is ranked the second largest global clothing retailer, just behind Spain-based Inditex (parent company of Zara), and leads over the third largest global clothing retailer, United States based Gap Inc

In 1946 the company's founder Erling Persson came up with the business idea of offering fashionable clothing at attractive prices. In 1947 he opened his first shop Västerås, Sweden "Hennes", which exclusively sold women's clothing. "Hennes" is Swedish and means "hers". In 1968 Persson acquired the hunting apparel retailer Mauritz Widforss, which led to the inclusion of a menswear collection in the product range and the name change to "Hennes & Mauritz" (H&M)

In 2008, the company used the song "Hang On" by British singer-songwriter Lettie as background music to its UK website. Their fashions have been featured in an interactive fashion art film by Imagine Fashion called Decadent Control. It premiered in March 2011 and stars Roberto Cavalli, Kirsty Hume, Eva Herzigová and Brad Kroenig.

Works Cited （参考文献）

"H&M." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 12 July 2016.

"H&M Group." H&M Group. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 July 2016.

"H&M." - Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 July 2016.

II. About the Designer:Karl Otto Lagerfeld（1933～）

Karl Otto Lagerfeld^[5] (born 10 September 1933) is a German fashion designer, artist, and photographer based in Paris. He is the head designer and creative director of the fashion house Chanel as well as the Italian house Fendi and his own fashion label. Over the decades, he has collaborated on a variety of fashion and art-related projects. He is well recognized around the world for his trademark white hair, black glasses, and high starched collars.

Lagerfeld was born on 10 September 1933^[5] in Hamburg, Germany and is the son of businessman Otto Lagerfeld (1881–1967), and his wife Elisabeth Bahlmann (1897–1978). His father owned a company that imported and producedevaporated milk, while his grandfather Karl Bahlmann was a local politician for the Catholic Centre Party.^[5] His family belonged to the Old Catholic Church. When she met his father, Lagerfeld's mother was a lingerie saleswoman from Berlin. His parents were married in 1930.

At the time, he was maintaining a design contract with Japanese firm Isetan to create collections for both men and women through 30 licenses, had a lingerie line in the U.S. produced by Eve Stillmann, was designing shoes for Charles Jourdan and sweaters for Ballantyne, and worked with Trevira as a fashion adviser.

In 2002, Karl Lagerfeld asked Renzo Rosso, the founder of Diesel, to collaborate with him on a special denim collection for the Lagerfeld Gallery.^[20] The collection, Lagerfeld Gallery by Diesel, was co-designed by Lagerfeld and then developed by Diesel's creative team, under the supervision of Rosso. It consisted of five pieces that were presented during the designer's catwalk shows during Paris Fashion Week^[21] and then sold in highly limited editions at the Lagerfeld Galleries in Paris and Monaco and at the Diesel Denim Galleries in New York and Tokyo. During the first week of sales in New York, more than 90% of the trousers were sold out, even though prices ranged from $240 to $1,840.^[22] In a statement after the show in Paris, Rosso said: "I am honored to have met this fashion icon of our time. Karl represents creativity, tradition and challenge, and the fact that he thought of Diesel for this collaboration is a great gift and acknowledgement of our reputation as the prêt-à-porter of casual wear."

Lagerfeld's apartment in Paris was published in the French issue of Architectural Digest in May 2012.^[30] He also revealed his vast collection of Suzanne Belperron's pins and brooches and used the color of one of her blue chalcedony rings as the starting point for the Chanel spring/summer 2012 collection.^[31]

In 2013, he directed the short film Once Upon a Time... in the Cité du Cinéma, Saint-Denis, by Luc Besson, featuring Keira Knightley in the role of Coco Chanel and Clotilde Hesme as her aunt Adrienne Chanel.^{[citation needed]}

In 2014, an auction house in Florida announced that many of Lagerfeld's early sketches for the House of Tiziani in Rome would be sold.^[32][33]

In 2015, the first Karl Lagerfeld store opened at Lagoona Mall in Doha, Qatar.

In June 2016, it was announced that Karl Lagerfeld would design the two residential lobbies of the Estates at Acqualina, a luxury residential development in Miami's Sunny Isles Beach

Works Cited （参考文献）

"Karl Lagerfeld." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 12 July 2016.

Karl Lagerfeld. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2016.

III. My Reaction

A. Reaction Point - apparel(ドレスや宝飾として機能する衣類）

• Apparel is message by people.
• Such as apparel is wear to cloth,shoes,pants,tops and so on.
• Apparel is important fashion industry.

B. Reaction Point -accessory（あなたが着けるバッグ、ベルトや宝飾品などの何か）

• Accessory is things to put on the body.
• Such as accessory is necklace,ring, wrist watch.
• Accessory is clothing ornament,decorative material.

C. Reaction Point -fashion design(人々が着る衣服を作成するための様々な色、テクスチャ、および重みのある生地を使用）

• Fashion design is what to wear people's want.
• Such as clothing,accessory,shoes,bag,pants.
• Fashion design is people buy a clothes important and necessary.

D. My General Opinion
I choice is 'H&M'. H&M is Fast Fashion. Fast Fashion is cheap and many kind of  wears.  H&M is simple design and casual brand. People is fast fashion is wear enjoy and fun.  H&M is people is appeal  price is reasonable brand.  And  popular  all over  the world.

My Featured Movie

Thomas Edison:Frankenstein(1910)

I. About the Film

　

Frankenstein is a 1910 film made by Edison Studios. It was written and directed by J. Searle Dawley.^[1]

This 16-minute short film was the first motion picture adaptation of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. The unbilled cast included Augustus Phillips as Dr. Frankenstein, Charles Ogle as the Monster, and Mary Fuller as the doctor's fiancée.

• 
  
• 
  
  
• 
  Frankenstein, a young student, is seen bidding his sweetheart and father goodbye, as he is leaving home to enter a college in order to study the sciences. Shortly after his arrival at college he becomes absorbed in the mysteries of life and death to the extent of forgetting practically everything else.

When Frankenstein's love for his bride has attained full strength and freedom from impurity, it will have such an effect upon his mind that the monster will not exist. The monster, broken down by his unsuccessful attempts to be with his creator, enters the room, stands before a large mirror and holds out his arms entreatingly. Gradually, the real monster fades away, leaving only the image in the mirror. A moment later Frankenstein himself enters. As he stands directly before the mirror he sees the image of the monster reflected instead of his own. Gradually, however, under the effect of love and his better nature, the monster's image fades and Frankenstein sees himself in his young manhood in the mirror. His bride joins him, and the film ends with their embrace, Frankenstein's mind now being relieved of the awful horror and weight it has been laboring under for so longAfter a few weeks' illness, he returns home, a broken, weary man, but under the loving care of father and sweetheart he regains his health and strength and begins to take a less morbid view of life. The film's story emphasizes that the creation of the monster was possible only because his normal mind was overcome by evil and unnatural thoughts. His marriage is soon to take place. But one evening, while sitting in his library, he chances to glance in the mirror before him and sees the reflection of the monster which has just opened the door of his room. All the terror of the past comes over him and, fearing lest his sweetheart should learn the truth, he bids the monster conceal himself behind the curtain while he hurriedly induces his sweetheart, who then comes in, to stay only a moment. The monster, who is following his creator with the devotion of a dog, is insanely jealous of anyone else. He snatches from Frankenstein's coat the rose which his sweetheart has given him, and in the struggle throws Frankenstein to the floor, here the monster looks up and for the first time confronts his own reflection in the mirror. Appalled and horrified at his own image he flees in terror from the room. Not being able, however to live apart from his creator, he again comes to the house on the wedding night and, searching for the cause of his jealousy, goes into the bride's room. Frankenstein coming into the main room hears a shriek of terror, which is followed a moment after by his bride rushing in and falling in a faint at his feet. The monster then enters and after overpowering Frankenstein's feeble efforts by a slight exercise of his gigantic strength leaves the house.His great ambition is to create a human being, and finally one night his dream is realized. He is convinced that he has found a way to create a most perfect human being that the world has ever seen. We see his experiment commence and the development of it in a vat of chemicals from a skeletal being. To Frankenstein's horror, instead of creating a marvel of physical beauty and grace, there is unfolded before his eyes and before the audience an awful, ghastly, abhorrent monster. As he realizes what he has done Frankenstein rushes from the room as the monster moves through the doors Frankenstein has placed before the vat. The misshapen monster peers at Frankenstein through the curtains of his bed. He falls fainting to the floor, where he is found by his servant, who revives him.

.

Works Cited （参考文献）

"Frankenstein (1910 Film)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 14 June 2016. Web. 14 June 2016.

s

II. Versions of the Film

Thomas Edison:Frankenstein(1910)

Works Cited （参考文献）

LuckyStrike502. "Frankenstein (1910) - Full Movie." YouTube. YouTube, 14 Jan. 2009. Web. 14 June 2016.

III. About the Author / Writer / Director / Lead Actor

(Author / Writer / Director / Lead Actorの中から、一つを選ぶこと）

I choose a Director. So, I write Director :J.Searle Dawley.

J. Searle Dawley, the man who considered himself "the first motion picture director", was born James Searle Dawley on May 13, 1877, in Del Norte, Colorado. He was educated in Denver, and after graduating in 1895, became an actor with Louis Morrison's stock theatrical company. The tour he was hired for was canceled, and Dawley returned to Denver. In 1897 he rejoined Morrison's company, where he plied his trade as a thespian and stage manager for three years. He left to enter the vaudeville circuit as a performer and writer, then in 1902 joined the Spooner Stock Company as an actor, stage manager and writer. In May 1907 he was hired by Edison Co. directorEdwin S. Porter specifically to direct The Nine Lives of a Cat (1907), so arguably he WAS the first professional movie director in the US. Dawley based his claim on the assertion that until he was hired by Porter, "The cameraman was in full charge." Dawley oversaw acting and dramatic continuity rather than just overseeing action sequences shot by the cameraman. At Edison he directed D.W. Griffith in his film acting debut in Rescued from an Eagle's Nest (1908), as a woodsman who saves his child from the clutches of an eagle. The film features some of the earliest special effects, as the eagle is a stuffed bird with movable wings. The creature seems to puzzle rather than scare his captive, the child who will be wrestled away from the clutches of this taxidermist's nightmare by the man who would soon achieve fame as the father of the narrative film. While primitive, the special effect proved potent with nickelodeon audiences. In 1910 Dawley moved to California to establish a West Coast presence for the Edison Co. On the way West, he took a camera and photographed Canada as he made his trip to California via train. In southern Caliifornia, he established a studio in Long Beach, attracted by the cheap land and sunny seaside climate. Building a facility downtown at the corner of what is now Sixth St. and Alamitos Ave., he named it Balboa Studio after the Spanish conquistador and explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa. Dawley's new studio employed Henry King and William Desmond Taylor as directors. Eventually, Balboa's facilities consisted of 20 buildings on eight acres, plus an outdoor shooting area of 11 acres in Signal Hill, a separate town within the Long Beach city limits. Reportedly he directed over 200 one-reel films at the Edison company. Among the more notable of these include the first adaptations of Frankenstein (1910) and The Charge of the Light Brigade (1912). When Porter signed on with Adolph Zukor's Famous Players in 1912, he again hired Dawley. Starting with Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1913) Dawley directed 14 pictures for Famous Players, which he left to start his own company, Dyreda, in 1913. Dyreda was bought out by Metro Pictures after being in existence for slightly more than a year. Dawley's Always in the Way (1915), starring "Sweet Young Thing" specialist Mary Miles Minter (who would one day be implicated in the scandal surrounding the murder of director William Desmond Taylor), was released by Metro. Dawley then returned to Famous Players-Lasky (which increasingly became known by the name of its distribution arm, Paramount Pictures Corp.) He directed the first full-length (six reels) live-action version of Snow White (1916) for Famous Players-Lasky (Paramount Pictures Corp.), starring Marguerite Clark as Snow White. As a boy, Walt Disney would see and be influenced by the film. Dawley also directed a version ofUncle Tom's Cabin (1918). He left Paramount in 1918 to get married and freelanced for several years before joining Fox Films in 1921. The last feature he directed wasBroadway Broke (1923), which was released by Lewis J. Selznick's Selznick Distributing Corp. His final work commanding from behind the camera were two sound shorts forLee De Forest, Abraham Lincoln (1924) and Love's Old Sweet Song (1923), which were released in 1924. After retiring from the movie industry, Dawley tried several lines of work before making a new career in radio from the late 1920s through the mid-1930s. One of Dawley's lasting legacies was his role in forming an organization for directors that eventually would morph into the Directors Guild of America. According to Dawley, eight Hollywood directors "met secretly one night in a mountain resort" to discuss the creation of an organization for directors to promote their interests in an industry dominated by producers and to do something about the "decadence" that already was rampant. The eight directors were interested in cleaning up the industry and putting an end to the sexual exploitation of "girls who have ambitions but [are] weak on the side of resisting flattering offers by certain executives." The directors were offended because "directors were often forced to use girls in their casts whose only qualification" was being the producer's girlfriend . . . This sort of thing had to stop, and eight directors decided to do something about it." The June 1, 1918, issue of "The Exhibitor's Trade Review" contained an article in which Charles Giblyn claimed he was at the first meeting as "nine" directors, and that the turnout was limited because of a driving rain. The meeting was held because "envy and malice" had engendered "a wave of slander" directed against the movie industry that threatened its viability, as the studios were under investigation. Considered "cesspools" and "habitats of criminals and vagrants" by the public and the Establishment, one studio already was under investigation by the Los Angeles district attorney. Apart from their moral concerns, Giblyn said the group was interested in promoting camaraderie amongst directors and removing competition between directors at rival studios. Before they came together, directors did all they could to impede the shoots of other directors, particularly by claiming rights to shooting locations. Dawley became the "Scenarist," with the job of secretary, of the fraternal organization that resulted from that meeting. The Motion Picture Directors Association (MPDA), which was neither a union or a guild, was incorporated in Los Angeles on June 18, 1915 as a nonprofit social organization to "maintain the honor and dignity of the profession of motion picture directors." Other aims of the MPDA, according to the articles of organization, were to promote the motion picture as a vehicle for uplifting the morals and "social and intellectual standing of all persons connected with the motion picture producing business," and to promote "social intercourse among its members." Like most fraternal organizations, the MPDA pledged itself to aiding and assisting "all worthy distressed members of this association, their wives, widows and orphans." In addition to Dawley, 25 other members were listed on the articles. On November 14, 1916, a New York chapter was created for directors on the East Coast, which was still the center of motion picture production in the U.S. `Allan Dwan' was elected "Director" or president on January 2, 1917. The bylaws of the MPDA were modeled after those of the Masons, and their rising sun logo was adopted by the MPDA. Dawley wrote that both branches helped foster an atmosphere of cooperation, and during World War One the MPDA helped finance funerals for members killed during the war. In the January 17, 1917, issue of "Motography," the MPDA was described as being motivated by self-protection rather than having an aggressive stance towards producers. "Wid's Yearbook" of 1920-21 stated that the MPDA provided movie directors with a forum for new ideas and saw itself as an organization that could improve conditions and lobby for directors. As an entity that distinctly recognized directors, the MPDA promoted their profession in an era when cameramen were still considered mechanics. Ater the April 1917 declaration of war against Germany, the MPDA decided to speaking for movie directors with one voice, sending President Woodrow Wilson a telegram pledging its "loyalty and allegiance in this hour of national peril." The MPDA offered its services to help win the war effort by using the movies as a propaganda vehicle; the New York chapter voted to help the federal government with military recruiting via the medium of the movies. The MPDA's annual ball, held to raise money for disabled veterans and medical care for motion picture personnel, became THE social event of the year in Hollywood. In 1921 the MPDA made plans to build a $200,000 four-story building on Highland Ave. to serve as its lodge, but the plans were never realized. William Desmond Taylor became MPDA Director/President in 1919. Before becoming Director, he had been the MPDA's most outspoken and passionate member. He proved a dynamic leader, working hard on matters affecting directors such as censorship, runaway production and the producers' promotion of technology over meaningful content. He was also concerned with improving conditions for other members of the industry. Taylor promoted cooperation among other industry fraternal organizations, such as the Assistant Directors Association. In a letter lobbying the ADA, Taylor called for a "Central Committee of Western Motion Picture Organizations...for the purpose of protecting ourselves from all enemies and furthering our common interests." Public outcry over Hollywood's decadence and "objectionable" content in movies had led to calls for state and local censorship of motion pictures, and there was also a national movement to ban the showing of movies on the Sabbath (Boston already banned certain movies from being shown on Sunday). The MPDA was prepared to fight "legislative menaces of censorship and so-called Blue Laws." Film distributor W.W. Hodkinson, one of the founders of Paramount Pictures Corp., was invited by Taylor to address the MPDA. Appearing at an MPDA meeting on Feb. 24, 1921, Hodkinson called for self-censorship to forestall efforts to have content restrictions imposed by local and state governments. Hodkinson told the directors that their "influence is more potent than that of the schoolteacher" and urged them to uphold "certain standards of cleanliness and decency . . . that you want to preserve in your home and in society generally." Taylor became the vice chairman of the Affiliated Picture Interests (API), an organization that embraced members from all sectors of the industry, which intended to become a political lobby for members of the motion picture industry. API members launched a voter registration drive people to vote and lobbied the Los Angeles Cty Council to repeal censorship. The industry had faced fierce foreign competition in the early days, and as the industry became more settled, producers began moving production abroad in order to reduce their costs. Taylor was opposed to runaway production as it hurt the people who made their living in the domestic industry. In his capacity as MPDA Director, he lobbied the Senate Finance Committee to help end the practice, sending a telegram at the end of January 1922. On February 1, 1922, William Desmond Taylor was shot to death at his Los Angeles home. The MPDA arranged the funeral, which was attended by an estimated 10,000 mourners, the biggest crowd to turn out for a private citizen in Los Angeles history up until that time. Taylor was succeed as Director of the Hollywood Branch by David Hartford, who in turn was followed by Fred Niblo, Roy Clements, William Beaudine, John Ford, Reginald Barkerand Henry Otto. Republican politician Will Hays, President Warren G. Harding's Postmaster General, who came from a notoriously corrupt administration but nonetheless had a reputation as a reformer, was appointed movie industry czar in 1922. As head of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, the man who called directors "the key men of the industry" would become the front-man for the industry's efforts at self-censorship and governmental lobbying. On March 16, 1922, Hays addressed the MPDA's New York chapter at a dinner held at the Astor Hotel. The dinner was attended by 1,100 people, including William Randolph Hearst, Actors Equity President John Emerson (who wanted to organize movie industry actors), and Famous Players-Lasky boss Adolph Zukor. Hays reminded the movie-makers in the audience that they had a great potential to influence public morals and education, and thus their responsibility was great. By 1924 the MPDA had approximately 100 members in Hollywood and 40 in New York. It began publishing a plush monthly periodical called "The Director" that year, which was renamed "The Motion Picture Director" a year later. The lavish monthly featured book reviews, short fiction, and serialized novels, but mostly, it existed to promote a sense of unity among the MPDA membership. Articles addressed issues concerning directors, promoted networking column, and even included editorials. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer sachem Louis B. Mayer, the man who eventually would indirectly cause the MPDA's demise, published an article in the magazine called "The Importance of the Director." Directors wrote articles, such as Albert S. Rogell's denouncing producers for limiting directors to a single genre. The periodical stopped publication in 1927, as the strength of the MPDA waned. John Ford served as MPDA Director in 1927, the year that Louis B. Mayer had the idea of creating the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences to serve as a company union in order to forestall unionization in the industry. AMPAS originally had five branches, including one for directors, which served as a clearinghouse for directors' concerns and served as the directors' arbiter with the studios. With much of its raison d'etre usurped by AMPAS, and lacking a dynamic William Desmond Taylor-like figure to take it in other directions such as politics, lobbying, or creating an industry-wide union, the MPDA underwent a precipitous decline. By 1930, there were few members left, and by 1931 there were no members at all in Hollywood and only a few in the New York branch. J. Searle Dawley blamed the producers for killing off the MPDA. He claimed that the directors had secured capital from a San Francisco bank to finance their own production companies. The move into independent production was opposed by the studios, and at a powwow between top producers and members of the MPDA's Hollywood branch, the directors were threatened with "being blacklisted from the industry forever should they go through with the plan." Because of the threat, Dawley wrote, "today the MPDA is dead as a doornail." While AMPAS initially gave movie directors some clout in the industry, with the coming of the Depression, the major studios used AMPAS as Louis B. Mayer had intended: a company union. AMPAS helped implement across-the-board wage cuts and layoffs, and its use by the producers to advance their interests led eventually to the screenwriters (always the most radical part of the industry) founding the first craft union, the Screen Writers Guild. The directors followed shortly thereafter, when 12 directors, including five former MPDA members, met at former MPDA member King Vidor's house to form the Screen Directors Guild on December 23, 1935, The other four MPDA members who founded the SDG were Frank Borzage, John Ford, Henry King andRowland V. Lee. The SDG was incorporated on January 16, 1936, and the ranks of the SDG soon swelled to 40. All resigned from AMPAS. Ford later said, "All of us in that room realized the need to band together to protect the integrity of motion picture direction." It was a sentiment found in the Articles of Incorporation of the MPDA, and a sentiment shared by J. Searle Dawley, the self-described "first" professional movie director.

Works Cited （参考文献）

"Biography." IMDb. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 21 June 2016.

"J. Searle Dawley." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 7 June 2016. Web. 21 June 2016.

IV. My Reaction

A. Reaction Point - Characters(人物や動物や人として表さ自然の力、文学作品に。）

• Characters is a person in a book,play,movie,etc. And the qualities that make something clearly different from anything else; a quality that makes something interesting or attractive.

・Thomas Edison:Frankenstein's characters is Frankenstein, monster, Frankenstein's betrothed.

・Frankenstein is student. He study science university.

B. Reaction Point - mood(物語の雰囲気や、それが呼び起こす感）

• Mood is at that time, the mood of the place,feeling and so on.
• Thomas Edison:Frankenstein is a mysterious and eerie.
• This work mood is the jealousy that wild of all human beings.

C. Reaction Point -message(中心的な考えやストーリーの声明）

• Message is the definition of the message,transmission,communication,transmission matters.
• Thomas Edison:Frankenstein message is reporting the fear.
• This work message is monster's fear and so on.

D. My General Opinion
 I watched 'Thomas Edison:Frankenstein '  first time. The movie is fear but interesting. I think that monster is very fear and carefully.  Everyone, once watch a 'Thomas Edison:Frankenstein'.